When Boats Meet
DEFINITIONS A term used as stated below is shown in italic type
or, in preambles, in bold italic type. Abandon A race
that a race committee or protest committee abandons is void but may be resailed. Clear Astern and Clear Ahead; Overlap One boat is clear astern
of another when her hull and equipment in normal position are behind a line
abeam from the aftermost point of the other boat's hull and equipment
in normal position. The other boat is clear
ahead. They overlap when
neither is clear astern. However, they also overlap
when a boat between them overlaps both.
boats on opposite tacks unless rule 18 applies or both boats are sailing more than ninety degrees from the true wind. Fetching A boat is
fetching a mark when she is in a position to pass to windward of it and leave it on the required side without changing tack. Finish A boat finishes when any
part of her hull, or crew or equipment in normal position, crosses the finishing line in the direction of
the course from the Interested Party A person who may gain or lose as a result of a protest committee's decision, or who has a close personal interest in the
decision. Keep Clear One boat keeps clear of
another if the other can sail her course with no need to take avoiding action and, when the boats are overlapped on the same tack, if the leeward boat can change course in both directions without immediately making contact with the windward boat. Leeward and
Windward A boat's leeward side is
the side that is or, when she is head to wind, was away from the wind. However, when
sailing by the lee or directly downwind, her leeward side is the side on which her mainsail lies. The other side is her windward side. When two boats on the same tack overlap, the one on the leeward
side of the other is the leeward boat. The other is the windward boat. Mark An object
the sailing instructions require a boat to leave on a specified side, and a race committee boat surrounded by navigable water
from which the starting or finishing line extends. An anchor line or
an object attached temporarily or accidentally to a mark is not
part of it. Mark-Room Room for a boat to sail to the mark, and
then room to sail her proper course while at
the mark. However, mark-room
does not include room to tack unless the
boat is overlapped to windward and on the inside of the boat required to give mark-room. Obstruction An
object that a boat could not pass without changing course substantially, if she were sailing directly towards it and one of her
hull lengths from it. An object that can be safely passed on only one
side and an area so designated by the sailing instructions are also obstructions.
However, a
boat racing is not an obstruction
to other boats unless they are required
to her. A vessel under way, including a boat racing, is
never a continuing obstruction. Overlap See Clear Astern and Clear Ahead; Overlap. Party A party to a
hearing: a protestor; a protestee; a boat requesting redress; a boat or a competitor that may be penalized under rule
69.1; a race committee or an organizing authority in a hearing under rule 62.1(a). Postpone A postponed race is
delayed before its scheduled start but may be started or abandoned later. Proper Course A
course a boat would sail to finish as soon as possible in the absence of the other boats referred to in the rule using
the term. A boat has no proper course before her starting signal. Protest An
allegation made under rule 61.2 by a boat, a race committee or a protest committee that a boat has broken a rule. Racing A boat is
racing from her preparatory signal until she finishes and clears the finishing line and marks or retires, or until the race committee signals a general recall, postponement
or abandonment. Room The space
a boat needs in the existing conditions while manoeuvring promptly in a seamanlike way. Rule (a) The
rules in this book, including the Definitions, Race Signals, Introduction, preambles and the rules of relevant
appendices, but not titles; (b) ISAF Regulation
19, Eligibility Code; Regulation 20, Advertising 22, Sailor Classification Code; (c) the prescriptions of the
national authority, unless they are changed by the sailing instructions in compliance with the national authority's prescription, if any, to rule 88; (d) the class rules (for a boat
racing under a handicap or rating system, the rules of that system are 'class rules'); (e) the notice of race; (f) the sailing instructions; and (g) any other documents that govern
the event. Start A boat starts when,
having been entirely on the pre-start side of the starting line at or after her starting signal, and having complied
with rule 30.1 if
it applies, any part of her hull, crew or equipment crosses the starting line in
the direction of the first mark. Tack,
Starboard or Port A boat is
on the tack, starboard or port, corresponding to
her windward side. Zone The area
around a mark within a distance of three hull lengths of the boat nearer to it. A boat is in the zone when any
part of her hull is in the zone. Windward See Leeward and Windward. PART 2 WHEN BOATS MEET The rules of Part 2 apply between boats that are
sailing in or near the racing area and intend to race, are racing,
or have been racing. However, a boat not racing shall not be penalized
for breaking one of these rules, except rule 23.1. When a boat sailing under these rules meets a vessel
that is not, she shall comply with the International
Regulations for Preventing Collisions at
Sea (IRPCAS) or government
right-of-way rules. If the sailing instructions so state, the rules of Part 2 are replaced by the rightof- way rules of the IRPCAS or by government right-of-way rules. SECTION A RIGHT OF WAY A boat has right of way when another boat is required
to keep clear of her. However, some rules in Sections B, C and D limit
the actions of a right-of-way boat. 10 ON OPPOSITE TACKS When boats are on opposite tacks, a port-tack boat shall keep clear of a starboard-tack boat. 11 ON THE SAME TACK, OVERLAPPED When boats are on the same tack and overlapped, a windward boat shall keep clear of a leeward boat. 12 ON THE SAME TACK, NOT OVERLAPPED When boats are on the same tack and not overlapped, a boat clear astern shall keep clear of a boat
clear ahead. 13 WHILE TACKING After a boat passes head to wind, she shall keep clear of other
boats until she is on a close-hauled course. During that time rules 10,
11 and 12 do not apply. If two boats are subject to this rule at
the same time, the one on the other's port side or the one astern shall keep clear. SECTION B GENERAL LIMITATIONS 14 AVOIDING CONTACT A boat shall avoid contact with another boat if reasonably
possible. However, a right-of-way boat or one entitled to room or mark-room (a) need not act to avoid contact
until it is clear that the other boat is
not keeping clear or giving room or mark-room, and (b) shall not be penalized under
this rule unless there is contact that causes damage or injury. 15 ACQUIRING RIGHT OF WAY When a boat acquires right of way, she shall initially give
the other boat room to keep clear, unless she acquires right of way because of the other boat's actions. 16 CHANGING COURSE 16.1 When a
right-of-way boat changes course, she shall give the other boat room to keep clear. 16.2 In
addition, when after the starting signal a port-tack boat is keeping clear by sailing to pass
astern of a starboard-tack boat, the starboard- tack boat shall not change
course if as a result the port-tack boat would immediately need to change course to continue keeping clear. 17 ON THE SAME TACK; PROPER COURSE If a boat clear
astern becomes overlapped within
two of her hull lengths to leeward of a boat on the same tack, she shall not sail above her proper course while they remain on the same tack and overlapped within that distance, unless in doing so she promptly sails astern of the other boat. This rule does not apply if the overlap begins while the windward
boat is required by rule 13 to keep clear. SECTION C AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS Section C rules do not apply at a starting mark surrounded
by navigable water or at its anchor line from the time boats are
approaching them to start until they have passed them. When
rule 20 applies, rules 18 and 19 do not. 18 MARK-ROOM 18.1 When Rule 18 Applies Rule 18 applies between boats when they are required to
leave a mark on the same side and
at least one of them is in the zone. However, it
does not apply (a) between boats on opposite tacks on a beat
to windward, (b) between boats on opposite tacks when the proper course at the mark for one but not both
of them is to tack, (c) between a boat approaching a mark and one
leaving it, or (d) if the mark is a
continuing obstruction, in which case rule 19 applies. 18.2 Giving Mark-Room (a) When boats are overlapped
the outside boat shall give the inside boat mark-room, unless rule 18.2(b) applies. (b) If boats are overlapped
when the first of them reaches the zone, the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the
inside boat mark-room. If a boat is clear
ahead when she reaches the zone, the boat clear
astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room. (c) When a boat is required to give mark-room by rule
18.2(b), she shall continue to do so even if later an overlap is broken
or a new overlap begins. However, if either boat passes head to wind or if the boat entitled to mark-room leaves
the zone, rule 18.2(b) ceases to apply. (d) If there is reasonable doubt that a boat obtained or
broke an overlap in time, it shall be
presumed that she did not. (e) If a boat
obtained an inside overlap from clear astern and, from the time the overlap
began, the outside boat has been unable to give mark-room, she is not required to give it. 18.3 Tacking When Approaching a Mark If two boats were approaching a mark on
opposite tacks and one of them changes tack, and as a result is subject to rule 13 in the zone when the other is fetching
the mark, rule 18.2 does not thereafter apply. The boat that changed tack (a) shall not cause the other boat
to sail above close-hauled to avoid her or prevent the other boat from passing the mark on the required side, and (b) shall give mark-room if the
other boat becomes overlapped inside her. 18.4 Gybing When an inside overlapped
right-of-way boat must gybe at a mark to sail her proper course, until she gybes she shall sail
no farther from the mark than needed to sail that course. Rule 18.4 does not apply at a
gate mark. 18.5 Exoneration When a boat is taking mark-room
to which she is entitled, she shall be
exonerated (a) if, as a result of the other
boat failing to give her mark-room, she breaks a rule of Section A, or (b) if, by rounding the mark on her proper course, she
breaks a rule of Section A or rule 15 or 16. 19 ROOM TO PASS AN
OBSTRUCTION 19.1 When Rule 19 Applies Rule 19 applies between boats at an obstruction except
when it is also a mark the boats are required to leave on the same side. However, at a
continuing obstruction, rule 19 always applies and rule 18 does not. 19.2 Giving Room at an Obstruction (a) A right-of-way boat may choose to pass an obstruction on either side.
(b) When boats are overlapped, the outside boat shall give the
inside boat room between her and the obstruction, unless she
has been unable to do so from the time the overlap began. |
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