Marine Weather and Tide Forecast for Sandwich, MA
May 20, 2024 11:07 AM EDT (15:07 UTC) Change Location
 | Sunrise 5:14 AM Sunset 8:00 PM Moonrise 5:20 PM Moonset 3:36 AM |
ANZ231 Cape Cod Bay- 1005 Am Edt Mon May 20 2024
This afternoon - NE winds 5 to 10 kt. Seas around 2 ft. Wave detail: E 2 ft at 8 seconds and N 1 foot at 4 seconds.
Tonight - SE winds around 5 kt, becoming S after midnight. Seas around 2 ft. Wave detail: E 2 ft at 8 seconds and ne 1 foot at 3 seconds.
Tue - SW winds 5 to 10 kt, becoming S 10 to 15 kt with gusts up to 20 kt in the afternoon. Seas around 2 ft. Wave detail: E 2 ft at 9 seconds and sw 1 foot at 2 seconds.
Tue night - SW winds 10 to 15 kt with gusts up to 20 kt. Seas around 2 ft. Wave detail: E 2 ft at 9 seconds and sw 1 foot at 3 seconds.
Wed and Wed night - SW winds 10 to 15 kt with gusts up to 20 kt. Seas around 2 ft. Wave detail: sw 2 ft at 3 seconds and E 2 ft at 8 seconds.
Thu - SW winds 10 to 15 kt with gusts up to 20 kt. Seas around 2 ft. Wave detail: sw 2 ft at 3 seconds and E 1 foot at 7 seconds.
Thu night - SW winds 10 to 15 kt with gusts up to 20 kt. Seas around 2 ft. A chance of showers.
Fri and Fri night - W winds 5 to 10 kt. Seas 1 foot or less.
seas are reported as significant wave height, which is the average of the highest third of the waves. Individual wave heights may be more than twice the significant wave height.
seas are reported as significant wave height, which is the average of the highest third of the waves. Individual wave heights may be more than twice the significant wave height.
ANZ200 1005 Am Edt Mon May 20 2024
Synopsis for massachusetts and rhode island coastal waters - High pres over coastal maine settles over the waters Mon and continues thru Wed. A cold front brings the risk for showers and Thunderstorms on Thurs. High pres then return to the waters for Friday into the memorial day weekend.
FXUS61 KBOX 201307 AFDBOX
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Boston/Norton MA 907 AM EDT Mon May 20 2024
SYNOPSIS
Today is the cornerstone of a pattern change towards more mild conditions though clouds and cool temperatures will still hang across the Cape. Much milder conditions Tuesday with heat peaking on Wednesday. Frontal passage Thursday, with increased thunderstorm chances, will usher in more seasonable temperatures for the holiday weekend.
NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 PM THIS EVENING/
905 AM Update...
* Partial sunshine emerges today with significantly warmer temps * Highs 60s immediate coast, 70s inland, near 80 CT River Valley
Previous forecast remains on track with a ridge of high pressure in control. Visible satellite imagery indicates the low clouds were beginning to develop breaks in them as of mid morning. This trend should continue with shallow nature of the moisture in place combined with the strong May sun angle
Therefore
expect partial sunshine to emerge in most locations by afternoon. 850T rising to between +11C/+12C should yield a much warmer afternoon in most locations that what we saw this weekend. Light onshore flow will hold highs in the 60s on the immediate coast, but 70s just a bit further inland, and near 80 in the lower CT River Valley.
SHORT TERM /6 PM THIS EVENING THROUGH 6 PM TUESDAY/
Patchy fog development is possible again tonight though developing SW winds around 5-10kt, and dewpoint depressions around 4F should preclude widespread fog across the interior. With that said, the same mechanism of SW flow should encourage some fog/reduced vsbys along the South Coast and Islands where both temps and dewpoints hover around 50F and SSTs are in the low to mid 50s.
With surface high still in place and mid level ridge growing stronger, guidance is still quite poor in diagnosing cloud cover for Tuesday, with several CAMs, like the HRRR, showing a mostly cloudy day. Not feeling particularly keen on the "cloudy all day" solutions with PWATs falling to as low as 0.7" and low RH above the mixed layer, but early morning fog/stratus, particularly along the south coast, may take a few hours to burn off. Decent boundary layer mixing with 850mb temperatures approaching 16C will support highs well into the 80s across much of the interior, though onshore flow across the south coast will keep temps much cooler there, in the 60s to perhaps 70s. Given SW flow, Boston MAY see their first 80F reading of the season, and while it's possible the ASOS may not hit 80F, the western suburbs of the city have a high likelihood of doing so.
LONG TERM /TUESDAY NIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY/
Highlights:
* Peak of the midweek very warm weather is Wednesday - 80s highs with a few locations in the CT and Merrimack Valleys seeing a few 90 degree readings. Tolerable humidity levels.
* Cold front Thursday afternoon to early evening brings a reprieve to the warmth but also could fuel scattered t-storms.
* Drier and with cooler, more seasonable temperatures Friday into the Memorial Day Weekend.
Details:
Still looking at Wednesday as the warmest day of the anticipated midweek spell of very warm temperatures reminiscent of summer. 850 mb temps rising into the +14 to +16C range along with full mixing and southwest breezes should promote these very warm temperatures.
NBM probs continue to show moderate to high (60 to 90 percent) probs of temps reaching 90+ degrees in the CT and Merrimack Valleys, with lower (no greater than 30%) probs of 90+ high temps in central MA, northeast CT and portions of Metrowest. These are a bit higher than the prior 13z NBM cycle. The one thing that is a little peculiar in the NWP is that modeled dewpoints were shown to be in the lower to mid 60s across a good majority of the guidance; I don't think values this high are necessarily realistic given the well mixed PBL and adiabatic downsloping that should be taking place per model soundings. That's also a concern/source of uncertainty as we move into Thursday as well. Advertised highs upper 80s to low 90s in the CT and Merrimack Valleys - although those could be somewhat conservative - and the mid 80s for most of northern RI, central and eastern MA. Cooler readings near the south coast (upper 60s-mid 70s)
where SW flow will allow for a bit of a maritime breeze. Should be a pretty mild Wednesday evening too, mid 50s to lower 60s, but did note some of the guidance showing weakening convection moving in from eastern NY into our far western counties in MA later in the overnight. Left a slight chance PoP mention in the forecast for now for the eastern Berkshires but we'll have to see if this materializes in subsequent guidance.
A cold front then trudges eastward through Southern New England on Thursday. It seems as though in the 00z guidance that the front is about 6 hours slower than prior model cycles; that may allow for another very warm day with a slower timing, but also could allow for slightly more convective instability to help spark showers/t-storms along the front, particularly near and west of I-95. Similar to Wednesday, models are now forecasting dewpoints in the lower to mid 60s although those seem a bit high. If we can see dewpoints push into the lower 60s, we could see CAPE values around 800-1500 J/kg accompanied by deep-layer southwesterly shear magnitudes around 35 kt (stronger flow mainly to our north). This is really on the borderline for storms becoming strong to severe and doesn't really scream "severe storms", but is something we'll be needing to monitor in the coming days. Kept highs in the upper 60s/around 70 near the south coast, and in the upper 70s to mid 80s further inland.
For Friday, the cold front's southeastward passage further offshore could be delayed a bit as the front's orientation becomes nearly parallel to the 700-300 mb flow, which could keep clouds and showers around the south coast for part of the day. However high pressure is progged to ridge into much of New England, with ridging continuing into a good part of the Memorial Day Weekend. Temperatures Friday into the weekend trend cooler and more seasonable than midweek, with highs in the 70s (60s near the coast). Thus so far, weather conditions for Memorial Day Weekend seem favorable.
AVIATION /13Z MONDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/
Forecast Confidence Levels:
Low - less than 30 percent.
Moderate - 30 to 60 percent.
High - greater than 60 percent.
12z TAF Update:
Today: High confidence in TAF/trends but moderate on the timing.
Initially, a mix of MVFR to LIFR from stratus ceilings, with lowest ceilings further east and south one goes. Stratus should start to burn off to VFR by ~14-16z for the western and central airports, and around ~16-18z for BED, BOS and PVD. It may take until mid afternoon before scattering out to VFR over the Cape and Islands. One potential fly in the ointment that will need to be monitored is if stratus returns back landward in coastal areas as winds shift from NE to E/ESE - it seems unlikely as the flow is light but is a possible outcome.
Tonight: Moderate confidence.
IFR to MVFR continues for the Cape and Islands, generally VFR across the interior except IFR where patchy fog.
Tuesday... Low cigs/vsby due to fog burn off quickly to VFR for all terminals. Winds from the SW will be strong enough to stave off a seabreeze.
KBOS TAF...High confidence in TAF/trends though some uncertainty on the timing of eroding stratus. MVFR should trend to VFR by ~16-18z with winds becoming E by this afternoon. Low clouds may return tonight after 03z as winds shift to light southeast.
KBDL TAF...High confidence in TAF/trends, though some uncertainty on the timing of eroding stratus. MVFR bases erode to VFR by ~13-15z. Light NE winds shift to S around 4-6 kt this afternoon. Could see patchy fog develop tonight but this isn't set in stone.
Outlook /Tuesday Night through Friday/...
Tuesday Night: VFR.
Wednesday through Wednesday Night: VFR. Breezy.
Thursday: VFR. Breezy. Slight chance SHRA, slight chance TSRA.
Thursday Night: VFR. Breezy. Chance TSRA, slight chance SHRA.
Friday: VFR.
MARINE
Forecaster Confidence Levels:
Low - less than 30 percent.
Medium - 30 to 60 percent.
High - greater than 60 percent.
Today... High confidence
Lows clouds/drizzle and patchy early morning fog with vsbys 1-3 miles, slowly burns off with improving conditions mid to late afternoon. High pressure over SNE results in light NE winds become east and then southeast late in the day.
Monday night...high confidence.
Ridge of high pressure crest over the waters, yielding light SE winds becoming SW. Patchy fog may limit vsby at times.
Tuesday... high confidence
AM fog will burn off to pleasant boating conditions. SW winds with seas less than 5 ft.
Outlook /Tuesday Night through Friday/...
Tuesday Night through Wednesday Night: Winds less than 25 kt.
Seas locally approaching 5 ft.
Thursday: Winds less than 25 kt. Areas of seas approaching 5 ft.
Thursday Night: Winds less than 25 kt. Seas locally approaching 5 ft. Slight chance of rain showers, slight chance of thunderstorms.
Friday: Winds less than 25 kt. Slight chance of rain showers.
BOX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES
CT...None.
MA...None.
RI...None.
MARINE...Small Craft Advisory until 2 PM EDT this afternoon for ANZ254.
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Boston/Norton MA 907 AM EDT Mon May 20 2024
SYNOPSIS
Today is the cornerstone of a pattern change towards more mild conditions though clouds and cool temperatures will still hang across the Cape. Much milder conditions Tuesday with heat peaking on Wednesday. Frontal passage Thursday, with increased thunderstorm chances, will usher in more seasonable temperatures for the holiday weekend.
NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 PM THIS EVENING/
905 AM Update...
* Partial sunshine emerges today with significantly warmer temps * Highs 60s immediate coast, 70s inland, near 80 CT River Valley
Previous forecast remains on track with a ridge of high pressure in control. Visible satellite imagery indicates the low clouds were beginning to develop breaks in them as of mid morning. This trend should continue with shallow nature of the moisture in place combined with the strong May sun angle
Therefore
expect partial sunshine to emerge in most locations by afternoon. 850T rising to between +11C/+12C should yield a much warmer afternoon in most locations that what we saw this weekend. Light onshore flow will hold highs in the 60s on the immediate coast, but 70s just a bit further inland, and near 80 in the lower CT River Valley.
SHORT TERM /6 PM THIS EVENING THROUGH 6 PM TUESDAY/
Patchy fog development is possible again tonight though developing SW winds around 5-10kt, and dewpoint depressions around 4F should preclude widespread fog across the interior. With that said, the same mechanism of SW flow should encourage some fog/reduced vsbys along the South Coast and Islands where both temps and dewpoints hover around 50F and SSTs are in the low to mid 50s.
With surface high still in place and mid level ridge growing stronger, guidance is still quite poor in diagnosing cloud cover for Tuesday, with several CAMs, like the HRRR, showing a mostly cloudy day. Not feeling particularly keen on the "cloudy all day" solutions with PWATs falling to as low as 0.7" and low RH above the mixed layer, but early morning fog/stratus, particularly along the south coast, may take a few hours to burn off. Decent boundary layer mixing with 850mb temperatures approaching 16C will support highs well into the 80s across much of the interior, though onshore flow across the south coast will keep temps much cooler there, in the 60s to perhaps 70s. Given SW flow, Boston MAY see their first 80F reading of the season, and while it's possible the ASOS may not hit 80F, the western suburbs of the city have a high likelihood of doing so.
LONG TERM /TUESDAY NIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY/
Highlights:
* Peak of the midweek very warm weather is Wednesday - 80s highs with a few locations in the CT and Merrimack Valleys seeing a few 90 degree readings. Tolerable humidity levels.
* Cold front Thursday afternoon to early evening brings a reprieve to the warmth but also could fuel scattered t-storms.
* Drier and with cooler, more seasonable temperatures Friday into the Memorial Day Weekend.
Details:
Still looking at Wednesday as the warmest day of the anticipated midweek spell of very warm temperatures reminiscent of summer. 850 mb temps rising into the +14 to +16C range along with full mixing and southwest breezes should promote these very warm temperatures.
NBM probs continue to show moderate to high (60 to 90 percent) probs of temps reaching 90+ degrees in the CT and Merrimack Valleys, with lower (no greater than 30%) probs of 90+ high temps in central MA, northeast CT and portions of Metrowest. These are a bit higher than the prior 13z NBM cycle. The one thing that is a little peculiar in the NWP is that modeled dewpoints were shown to be in the lower to mid 60s across a good majority of the guidance; I don't think values this high are necessarily realistic given the well mixed PBL and adiabatic downsloping that should be taking place per model soundings. That's also a concern/source of uncertainty as we move into Thursday as well. Advertised highs upper 80s to low 90s in the CT and Merrimack Valleys - although those could be somewhat conservative - and the mid 80s for most of northern RI, central and eastern MA. Cooler readings near the south coast (upper 60s-mid 70s)
where SW flow will allow for a bit of a maritime breeze. Should be a pretty mild Wednesday evening too, mid 50s to lower 60s, but did note some of the guidance showing weakening convection moving in from eastern NY into our far western counties in MA later in the overnight. Left a slight chance PoP mention in the forecast for now for the eastern Berkshires but we'll have to see if this materializes in subsequent guidance.
A cold front then trudges eastward through Southern New England on Thursday. It seems as though in the 00z guidance that the front is about 6 hours slower than prior model cycles; that may allow for another very warm day with a slower timing, but also could allow for slightly more convective instability to help spark showers/t-storms along the front, particularly near and west of I-95. Similar to Wednesday, models are now forecasting dewpoints in the lower to mid 60s although those seem a bit high. If we can see dewpoints push into the lower 60s, we could see CAPE values around 800-1500 J/kg accompanied by deep-layer southwesterly shear magnitudes around 35 kt (stronger flow mainly to our north). This is really on the borderline for storms becoming strong to severe and doesn't really scream "severe storms", but is something we'll be needing to monitor in the coming days. Kept highs in the upper 60s/around 70 near the south coast, and in the upper 70s to mid 80s further inland.
For Friday, the cold front's southeastward passage further offshore could be delayed a bit as the front's orientation becomes nearly parallel to the 700-300 mb flow, which could keep clouds and showers around the south coast for part of the day. However high pressure is progged to ridge into much of New England, with ridging continuing into a good part of the Memorial Day Weekend. Temperatures Friday into the weekend trend cooler and more seasonable than midweek, with highs in the 70s (60s near the coast). Thus so far, weather conditions for Memorial Day Weekend seem favorable.
AVIATION /13Z MONDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/
Forecast Confidence Levels:
Low - less than 30 percent.
Moderate - 30 to 60 percent.
High - greater than 60 percent.
12z TAF Update:
Today: High confidence in TAF/trends but moderate on the timing.
Initially, a mix of MVFR to LIFR from stratus ceilings, with lowest ceilings further east and south one goes. Stratus should start to burn off to VFR by ~14-16z for the western and central airports, and around ~16-18z for BED, BOS and PVD. It may take until mid afternoon before scattering out to VFR over the Cape and Islands. One potential fly in the ointment that will need to be monitored is if stratus returns back landward in coastal areas as winds shift from NE to E/ESE - it seems unlikely as the flow is light but is a possible outcome.
Tonight: Moderate confidence.
IFR to MVFR continues for the Cape and Islands, generally VFR across the interior except IFR where patchy fog.
Tuesday... Low cigs/vsby due to fog burn off quickly to VFR for all terminals. Winds from the SW will be strong enough to stave off a seabreeze.
KBOS TAF...High confidence in TAF/trends though some uncertainty on the timing of eroding stratus. MVFR should trend to VFR by ~16-18z with winds becoming E by this afternoon. Low clouds may return tonight after 03z as winds shift to light southeast.
KBDL TAF...High confidence in TAF/trends, though some uncertainty on the timing of eroding stratus. MVFR bases erode to VFR by ~13-15z. Light NE winds shift to S around 4-6 kt this afternoon. Could see patchy fog develop tonight but this isn't set in stone.
Outlook /Tuesday Night through Friday/...
Tuesday Night: VFR.
Wednesday through Wednesday Night: VFR. Breezy.
Thursday: VFR. Breezy. Slight chance SHRA, slight chance TSRA.
Thursday Night: VFR. Breezy. Chance TSRA, slight chance SHRA.
Friday: VFR.
MARINE
Forecaster Confidence Levels:
Low - less than 30 percent.
Medium - 30 to 60 percent.
High - greater than 60 percent.
Today... High confidence
Lows clouds/drizzle and patchy early morning fog with vsbys 1-3 miles, slowly burns off with improving conditions mid to late afternoon. High pressure over SNE results in light NE winds become east and then southeast late in the day.
Monday night...high confidence.
Ridge of high pressure crest over the waters, yielding light SE winds becoming SW. Patchy fog may limit vsby at times.
Tuesday... high confidence
AM fog will burn off to pleasant boating conditions. SW winds with seas less than 5 ft.
Outlook /Tuesday Night through Friday/...
Tuesday Night through Wednesday Night: Winds less than 25 kt.
Seas locally approaching 5 ft.
Thursday: Winds less than 25 kt. Areas of seas approaching 5 ft.
Thursday Night: Winds less than 25 kt. Seas locally approaching 5 ft. Slight chance of rain showers, slight chance of thunderstorms.
Friday: Winds less than 25 kt. Slight chance of rain showers.
BOX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES
CT...None.
MA...None.
RI...None.
MARINE...Small Craft Advisory until 2 PM EDT this afternoon for ANZ254.
toggle option: (graph/table)
| Airport | Dist | Age | Wind kt | Vis | Sky | Weather | Temp | DewPt | RH | inHg |
| KFMH CAPE COD COAST GUARD AIR STATION,MA | 8 sm | 11 min | ENE 12 | 5 sm | Overcast | Mist | 55°F | 52°F | 88% | 30.06 |
| KHYA BARNSTABLE MUNIBOARDMAN/POLANDO FIELD,MA | 13 sm | 11 min | NNE 10 | 10 sm | Overcast | 54°F | 50°F | 88% | 30.05 | |
| KPYM PLYMOUTH MUNI,MA | 16 sm | 15 min | ENE 08 | 10 sm | Overcast | 55°F | 52°F | 88% | 30.06 | |
| KGHG MARSHFIELD MUNI GEORGE HARLOW FIELD,MA | 24 sm | 12 min | ENE 07 | 10 sm | Mostly Cloudy | 55°F | 50°F | 82% | 30.07 |
Tide / Current for Cape Cod Canal (East Entrance), Massachusetts (2)
EDIT Weekend mode (on/off) HIDE Help
Cape Cod Canal (East Entrance)
Click for Map
Mon -- 03:35 AM EDT Moonset
Mon -- 03:50 AM EDT 1.06 feet Low Tide
Mon -- 05:17 AM EDT Sunrise
Mon -- 10:03 AM EDT 8.04 feet High Tide
Mon -- 04:00 PM EDT 1.34 feet Low Tide
Mon -- 05:19 PM EDT Moonrise
Mon -- 08:00 PM EDT Sunset
Mon -- 10:16 PM EDT 8.82 feet High Tide
Tide / Current data from XTide NOT FOR NAVIGATION
Click for Map
Mon -- 03:35 AM EDT Moonset
Mon -- 03:50 AM EDT 1.06 feet Low Tide
Mon -- 05:17 AM EDT Sunrise
Mon -- 10:03 AM EDT 8.04 feet High Tide
Mon -- 04:00 PM EDT 1.34 feet Low Tide
Mon -- 05:19 PM EDT Moonrise
Mon -- 08:00 PM EDT Sunset
Mon -- 10:16 PM EDT 8.82 feet High Tide
Tide / Current data from XTide NOT FOR NAVIGATION
Cape Cod Canal (East Entrance), Massachusetts (2), Tide feet
| 12 am |
| 6.4 |
| 1 am |
| 4.7 |
| 2 am |
| 2.8 |
| 3 am |
| 1.4 |
| 4 am |
| 1.1 |
| 5 am |
| 1.6 |
| 6 am |
| 2.8 |
| 7 am |
| 4.4 |
| 8 am |
| 6.1 |
| 9 am |
| 7.5 |
| 10 am |
| 8 |
| 11 am |
| 7.7 |
| 12 pm |
| 6.6 |
| 1 pm |
| 5.1 |
| 2 pm |
| 3.4 |
| 3 pm |
| 1.9 |
| 4 pm |
| 1.3 |
| 5 pm |
| 1.8 |
| 6 pm |
| 3 |
| 7 pm |
| 4.6 |
| 8 pm |
| 6.4 |
| 9 pm |
| 8 |
| 10 pm |
| 8.8 |
| 11 pm |
| 8.6 |
Cape Cod Canal
Click for Map
Mon -- 02:01 AM EDT 0.17 knots Slack
Mon -- 03:36 AM EDT Moonset
Mon -- 05:10 AM EDT 3.77 knots Max Flood
Mon -- 05:17 AM EDT Sunrise
Mon -- 08:21 AM EDT -0.18 knots Slack
Mon -- 11:08 AM EDT -4.04 knots Max Ebb
Mon -- 02:18 PM EDT 0.01 knots Slack
Mon -- 05:19 PM EDT Moonrise
Mon -- 05:28 PM EDT 3.88 knots Max Flood
Mon -- 08:00 PM EDT Sunset
Mon -- 08:42 PM EDT -0.19 knots Slack
Mon -- 11:30 PM EDT -4.15 knots Max Ebb
Tide / Current data from XTide NOT FOR NAVIGATION
Click for Map
Mon -- 02:01 AM EDT 0.17 knots Slack
Mon -- 03:36 AM EDT Moonset
Mon -- 05:10 AM EDT 3.77 knots Max Flood
Mon -- 05:17 AM EDT Sunrise
Mon -- 08:21 AM EDT -0.18 knots Slack
Mon -- 11:08 AM EDT -4.04 knots Max Ebb
Mon -- 02:18 PM EDT 0.01 knots Slack
Mon -- 05:19 PM EDT Moonrise
Mon -- 05:28 PM EDT 3.88 knots Max Flood
Mon -- 08:00 PM EDT Sunset
Mon -- 08:42 PM EDT -0.19 knots Slack
Mon -- 11:30 PM EDT -4.15 knots Max Ebb
Tide / Current data from XTide NOT FOR NAVIGATION
Cape Cod Canal, Massachusetts Current, knots
| 12 am |
| -3.6 |
| 1 am |
| -2.7 |
| 2 am |
| -0.3 |
| 3 am |
| 2.7 |
| 4 am |
| 3.5 |
| 5 am |
| 3.8 |
| 6 am |
| 3.6 |
| 7 am |
| 3.1 |
| 8 am |
| 1.7 |
| 9 am |
| -2.4 |
| 10 am |
| -3.6 |
| 11 am |
| -4 |
| 12 pm |
| -3.8 |
| 1 pm |
| -3.1 |
| 2 pm |
| -1.6 |
| 3 pm |
| 2.3 |
| 4 pm |
| 3.4 |
| 5 pm |
| 3.8 |
| 6 pm |
| 3.8 |
| 7 pm |
| 3.4 |
| 8 pm |
| 2.4 |
| 9 pm |
| -1.6 |
| 10 pm |
| -3.4 |
| 11 pm |
| -4.1 |
Boston, MA,
NOTICE: Some pages have affiliate links to Amazon. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Please read website Cookie, Privacy, and Disclamers by clicking HERE. To contact me click HERE. For my YouTube page click HERE